An improvement on the rule of nines, the berkow formula, takes into account the age of the burn victim. The anterior and posterior trunk and the two legs comprise 18 or (2×9) per cent each, and the perineum is figured as 1 per cent. The head and each arm are figured at 9 per cent. Because surface area as well as depth is important in evaluating a burned patient's status, a method called the rule of nines has been developed to determine surface area involvement. It is difficult to determine the depth of a wound at first glance, but any burn involving more than 15 per cent of the body surface is considered serious. A deep thermal burn is a deep partial-thickness wound that may have the white, waxy appearance of a full-thickness burn.
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See accompanying table.Īnother classification describes burns as partial-thickness wounds in which the epithelializing elements remain intact, and full-thickness wounds in which all of the epithelializing elements and those lining the sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands are destroyed. In some cases the growth cells of the tissues in the burned area may be destroyed.
BURN PATIENTS INTUBATION SKIN
A third-degree burn is the most serious type, involving damage to the deeper layers of the skin with necrosis through the entire skin. In a second-degree burn the skin is blistered. Burns have traditionally been classified according to degree: A first-degree burn involves a reddening of the skin area. Safety measures in the home and on the job are extremely important in the prevention of burns.
![burn patients intubation burn patients intubation](https://www.ceemjournal.org/upload//thumbnails/ceem-14-029f2.gif)
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Injury to tissues caused by contact with dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam or liquid), chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation.